by Olav N. L. Aga, Sabrina J. Moyo, Joel Manyahi, Upendo Kibwana, Iren H. Löhr, Nina Langeland, Bjørn Blomberg, Iain G. Johnston Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a substantial and growing global health burden. Understanding, and predicting, its evolution in specific pathogens will help responses across scales from individual patient cases to large-scale policy. Here, we use global data on AMR features, predicted from 47k Klebsiella pneumoniae genomes, with hypercubic transition path sampling to infer the evolutionary pathways by which AMR features in K. pneumoniae (KpAMR) are acquired across 102 countries, territories, and areas. We identify “globally consistent” evolutionary behaviors that hold across countries, and “globally divergent” behaviors including carbapenem and fluoroquinolone resistance that vary across countries. We show how these divergent dynamics covary both with public health superregion and drug use policy, and reveal competing evolutionary pathways within and betwee