by Yacine Ben Chehida, Eva S. M. van der Heijden, Edward Page, Patricio A. Salazar C, Neil Rosser, Kimberly Gabriela Gavilanes Córdova, Mónica Sánchez-Prado, María José Sánchez-Carvajal, Franz Chandi, Alex P. Arias-Cruz, Maya Radford, Gerardo Lamas, Chris D. Jiggins, James Mallet, Melanie McClure, Camilo Salazar, Marianne Elias, Caroline N. Bacquet, Nicola J. Nadeau, Kanchon K. Dasmahapatra, Joana I. Meier Convergent evolution, the repeated evolution of similar phenotypes, is widespread in nature, but there are few studies investigating the genetic mechanisms of convergence across wide evolutionary timescales. The extent to which the same genetic mechanisms contribute to convergent evolution could reveal whether the pathway towards these fitness optima is flexible or constrained to follow a particular route, informing us about the predictability of evolution. Wing color pattern mimicry in Lepidoptera is a well-known example of convergent evolution, but as studies are restricted to a fe